Jurnal Penutup (Closing Entries) Process
📌 Closing entries are used to zero out nominal accounts: revenue, expense, Drawing (Prive), and Income Summary (Ikhtisar Laba/Rugi).
📈 The goal of closing entries is to make nominal accounts zero, leaving only balance sheet accounts (Assets, Liabilities, Equity - Groups 1, 2, 3) remaining for the next accounting period.
✏️ The closing process involves four main steps: closing revenue, closing expenses, closing Drawing, and closing the Income Summary account to update retained earnings (part of capital/modal).

Step-by-Step Closing Procedures
🔻 Closing Expenses: Debit the Income Summary account for the total expenses, and credit individual expense accounts (which normally reside in the Debit balance column) to bring them to zero.
⬆️ Closing Revenue: Debit individual revenue accounts (which normally reside in the Credit balance column) and credit the Income Summary account to zero them out.
💸 Closing Drawing (Prive): Debit the Capital (Modal) account because Drawing reduces capital, and credit the Drawing account to zero it out.
✅ Closing Income Summary (Laba/Rugi): If there is a net profit (Laba), debit Income Summary and credit Capital (Modal). If there is a net loss (Rugi), debit Capital (Modal) and credit Income Summary.

Posting and Final Trial Balance
🔗 After creating the closing journal entries, they must be posted to the General Ledger (Buku Besar) for each affected account to reflect the zero balance for nominal accounts.
📊 The Trial Balance After Closing (Neraca Saldo Setelah Penutupan) will exclusively show balances for Asset, Liability, and Capital (Account Groups 1, 2, and 3) accounts.
❗ The Capital (Modal) account balance must be manually verified from the General Ledger as it is the only equity account affected by the closing process (adjusted for Drawing and Net Profit/Loss).

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Identify Nominal Accounts: Remember that nominal accounts targeted for closing are Revenue (Group 4), Expenses (Group 5), and Drawing (Prive).
➡️ Income Summary as Balancing Account: The Ikhtisar Laba/Rugi account serves as the temporary balancing account used in the closing entries for revenue and expenses.
➡️ Capital Adjustment Logic: Ensure you understand that Drawing reduces Capital (Debit Modal), while Net Profit increases Capital (Credit Modal).

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Jan 14, 2026, 01:31 UTC