Nuclear Cloning (Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer - SCNT)
📌 Nuclear transplantation is a technique involving the transfer of the nucleus from a donor cell into an enucleated ovum (egg cell).
🐑 The famous sheep Dolly was a result of this technique, conducted by scientists in Scotland led by Ian Wilmut in 1996.
🧬 The primary goal of SCNT cloning is to produce a new individual with the traits and sex matching the transferred nucleus cell.

Procedure for Creating Dolly
🔬 Ian Wilmut used a cell from the mammary gland of a Finn Dorset sheep (white-faced donor) and cultured it until it was starved and underwent dedifferentiation.
🥚 An egg cell was taken from a Scottish Blackface ewe (black-faced), and its nucleus was removed.
⚡ The donor nucleus cell and the enucleated egg cell were fused using an electric shock, and the resulting cell was grown in culture until it formed an early embryo.
🤰 The embryo was implanted into a surrogate mother (another Scottish Blackface ewe), resulting in Dolly, who was genetically identical to the Finn Dorset donor.

Outcome and Implications
🧬 Genetic analysis confirmed that Dolly's chromosomal DNA was identical to the nucleus donor (the Finn Dorset sheep).
💀 In 2003, at the age of six, Dolly suffered complications from lung disease, typically seen in much older sheep, and was euthanized.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Nuclear cloning, demonstrated by the creation of Dolly the sheep, successfully produces genetically identical offspring from somatic donor cells.
➡️ The procedure involves enucleation of the egg cell, fusion with the donor nucleus cell, embryonic development, and surrogate implantation.
➡️ Dolly's premature death at age six due to age-related lung issues raised questions regarding the long-term health and viability of cloned animals.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Dec 28, 2025, 07:34 UTC