Steps in Classroom Action Research (PTK)
📌 Classroom Action Research (PTK) involves four main steps: planning (merencanakan), action (tindakan), observation (observasi), and reflection (refleksi).
📝 The planning phase begins with problem identification, focusing on both the learning process and the learning outcomes experienced by students.
🎯 PTK aims to improve teaching by focusing on student-oriented activities and making learning engaging, fun, and meaningful.

The Planning Stage Details
🔍 Problem formulation in PTK must use a question format, be easily measurable, and describe a learning process that needs resolution.
🛠️ Planning for action requires creating an action hypothesis (not a statistical one) and developing lesson improvement plans based on this hypothesis.
📊 Three instruments are used for measurement: one for observing the application of the action/method (held by an observer), one for observing the classroom condition (held by the teacher), and one for measuring learning results (e.g., tests).

Action Execution and Data Collection
⚙️ The action execution phase involves preparing the action (setting schedules, creating lesson plans like RPPs and worksheets) and then actually implementing the planned intervention.
🧐 During implementation, the teacher simultaneously acts as a researcher, observing the process, noting the effects of the action, and recording any obstacles encountered.
💾 Data collected includes primary, actual data from observation, supported by secondary data from interviews, questionnaires, and daily logs/anecdotes.

Data Analysis and Reflection
📊 Data collected is classified into quantitative data (scores/numbers from questionnaires) and qualitative data (narrative descriptions derived from processed quantitative data).
🔄 Data analysis involves selecting, processing (using simple statistics if necessary), and describing data from all sources (observation, interviews, tests).
📈 Reflection is a crucial part of every cycle, involving analysis, synthesis, and interpretation to assess success rates, identify obstacles, and determine follow-up planning (revision or new planning) for subsequent cycles.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ PTK cycles require a minimum of two cycles, with reflection occurring at least twice per cycle (after each set of meetings/actions).
➡️ Reflection determines the next steps, leading to either revisions of the existing plan or entirely new planning, though the core method/media tested in the action hypothesis usually remains consistent.
➡️ The primary goal of the entire PTK process is the improvement of teacher performance and, consequently, the increase in student achievement outcomes.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Nov 26, 2025, 15:58 UTC