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By Mon Cours De SVT
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Mountain Range Formation and Crustal Thickening
📌 Continental crust in mountain ranges is significantly thicker (up to 60-70 km) compared to plains (around 30 km), featuring a deep crystalline root extending into the lithospheric mantle.
⛰️ This thickening is evidenced by tectonic markers observed in the field, including folded sedimentary layers, which indicate crustal shortening and thickening under compressional forces.
↔️ Reverse faults (where one block slides over another) and thrust faults (large-scale overlaps called *nappes de charriage*) are key indicators of shortening and subsequent crustal thickening in these regions.
Petrographic Evidence of Thickening
🔍 Petrographic markers, such as the presence of gneisses containing minerals like staurolite, testify to the burial and subsequent metamorphism of rocks under medium pressure and medium temperature conditions due to crustal thickening.
🔥 Deeper burial resulting from significant thickening can lead to partial melting of the continental crust, a process termed anatexis.
💎 Partial melting forms migmatites (gneisses that have undergone slight partial melting, resulting in granitic lenses) and, if melting is extensive, pure granitic intrusions.
Key Points & Insights
➡️ Mountain ranges are characterized by a thick crust supported by a deep crystalline root, resulting from significant crustal shortening.
➡️ Tectonic structures like folds, reverse faults, and thrust sheets are the primary mechanisms causing crustal thickening due to horizontal compression.
➡️ Metamorphic rocks like gneisses and igneous rocks like granites (formed via anatexis) provide direct petrographic evidence of the extreme pressure and temperature changes associated with crustal thickening.
📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Jan 07, 2026, 07:22 UTC
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Full video URL: youtube.com/watch?v=kSwUr-s2ANw
Duration: 5:37
Get instant insights and key takeaways from this YouTube video by Mon Cours De SVT.
Mountain Range Formation and Crustal Thickening
📌 Continental crust in mountain ranges is significantly thicker (up to 60-70 km) compared to plains (around 30 km), featuring a deep crystalline root extending into the lithospheric mantle.
⛰️ This thickening is evidenced by tectonic markers observed in the field, including folded sedimentary layers, which indicate crustal shortening and thickening under compressional forces.
↔️ Reverse faults (where one block slides over another) and thrust faults (large-scale overlaps called *nappes de charriage*) are key indicators of shortening and subsequent crustal thickening in these regions.
Petrographic Evidence of Thickening
🔍 Petrographic markers, such as the presence of gneisses containing minerals like staurolite, testify to the burial and subsequent metamorphism of rocks under medium pressure and medium temperature conditions due to crustal thickening.
🔥 Deeper burial resulting from significant thickening can lead to partial melting of the continental crust, a process termed anatexis.
💎 Partial melting forms migmatites (gneisses that have undergone slight partial melting, resulting in granitic lenses) and, if melting is extensive, pure granitic intrusions.
Key Points & Insights
➡️ Mountain ranges are characterized by a thick crust supported by a deep crystalline root, resulting from significant crustal shortening.
➡️ Tectonic structures like folds, reverse faults, and thrust sheets are the primary mechanisms causing crustal thickening due to horizontal compression.
➡️ Metamorphic rocks like gneisses and igneous rocks like granites (formed via anatexis) provide direct petrographic evidence of the extreme pressure and temperature changes associated with crustal thickening.
📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Jan 07, 2026, 07:22 UTC
Find relevant products on Amazon related to this video
Science
Shop on Amazon
Neuroscience Book
Shop on Amazon
Brain Model
Shop on Amazon
Psychology Textbook
Shop on Amazon
As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases

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