Management Fundamentals (POLC)
📌 Management is defined as the art of getting things done through other people, involving the efficient planning, organization, leading, and controlling of resources (capital, manpower, technology, materials).
⚙️ The four core functions of management are Planning, Organizing, Leading (Directing), and Controlling (POLC).
🎯 Controlling is not just done at the end but is integrated throughout the process to identify deviations between planned and actual results and implement corrective actions.

Organizational Vision, Mission, and Objectives
📜 The Vision Statement describes how the business aspires to be perceived in the long term (e.g., TNB aiming to be a leading global energy corporation).
✅ The Mission Statement explains the reason for the organization's existence and how it intends to achieve its purpose without specifying exact products to allow for future growth.
⭐ Business Goals must adhere to the SMART concept: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound.

Organizational Structure Types
📊 Six organizational structures relevant for the course include structuring based on function, product, client, number of workers, region, and shifts.
🧱 A Functional Structure groups work based on departments (Administration, Marketing, Operations, Finance) under a general manager/CEO.
🗺️ A Regional Structure assigns managers based on geographical locations (e.g., Northern, Central, Southern regions), with dedicated functional managers for each area.

Preparing the Organizational/Administrative Plan (Seven Key Items)
📝 The administrative plan requires seven components: Introduction, Organization Chart, Administrative Personnel listing, Schedule of Tasks/Responsibilities, Schedule of Remuneration, Office Equipment/Supplies list, and Administration Budget.
🧑‍💼 The Administrative Personnel listing should detail roles *not* directly involved in operations (e.g., Admin Manager, Finance Manager, CEO), excluding roles like waiters or marketing executives.
💰 The Schedule of Remuneration must detail salaries, wages, and mandatory contributions like EPF and SOCSO, requiring validation of current contribution percentages from official websites.

Budgeting and Fixed Assets
🖥️ The Office Equipment and Supplies list must detail necessary items like computers, printers, desks, chairs, and fittings (e.g., window blinds, AC units) with unit price, quantity, and total cost.
🏗️ The Administration Budget separates Capital Expenditure (land, building, fixed renovations) from Monthly Working Capital Expenses (salaries, rent, utilities).
🚫 Do not total the main budget columns (Capital Expenditure, Working Capital, Other Expenses) together; total each column separately.

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