Fundamentals of the State and Pancasila as the Basis of the State
📌 A state generally comprises three elements: territory (region), people (population), and a sovereign organization (government).
🌐 In international law, a fourth crucial element is recognition from other states for a country to establish cooperation or treaties.
⚖️ Indonesia, as a unitary state (Negara Kesatuan), does not recognize the existence of states within the state; provinces and regencies are administrative units, not separate states.

State Objectives and Philosophical Approaches
🎯 The objectives of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI), as stated in the fourth paragraph of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, are: protecting the entire Indonesian nation and homeland, advancing general welfare, enlightening the life of the nation, and participating in establishing world order based on freedom, eternal peace, and social justice.
🤝 Indonesia's approach to achieving its national goals integrates both welfare (kesejahteraan) and security (keamanan) perspectives, contrasting with purely liberal-individualist or collectivist/socialist ideologies.
🏛️ Indonesia's approach aligns with the Indonesian concept of the integralistic state, which emphasizes unity and rejects narrow self-interest, ensuring that national goals serve the public interest.

Rule of Law and Legal Hierarchy
📜 Indonesia is a state based on law (Pasal 1(3) UUD 1945), meaning all policies and the conduct of rulers must be based on law, requiring governance to be executed lawfully.
📑 The hierarchy of laws in Indonesia, according to Law No. 12 of 2011, is structured, with the 1945 Constitution as the highest authority, followed by MPR Decrees (Tap MPR), Laws/Government Regulations in Lieu of Law (Perpu), Government Regulations (PP), Presidential Regulations (Perpres), Provincial Regional Regulations, and Regency/City Regional Regulations.

Sociological Sources of Pancasila
🌱 The values of Pancasila are deeply rooted in Indonesian society, existing long before independence (pre-1945).
🛐 The value of divinity serves as the fundamental ethics for religious life, though concerns exist when religious values are shifted for political interests.
🌍 Humanity values are universal, stemming from divine law, natural law, and social characteristics, forming the basis for political ethics in global relations, exemplified by Gajah Mada's ancient concept of *Mitreka Satata* (relationship in brotherhood).
🗣️ National unity and patriotism are not narrow; they are developed within internationalism, recognizing Indonesia as part of the wider world community, emphasizing consultation and consensus (musyawarah mufakat) in line with the fourth sila.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Students must not only understand Pancasila but, more importantly, implement its values in daily life to secure its position as the basis of the state.
➡️ Government officials should serve as exemplars in actualizing Pancasila values; any ruler behavior prioritizing personal or group interests undermines the national goals.
➡️ Assignment: Students are tasked with analyzing their surrounding communities to identify behaviors that do not align with Pancasila and those that reflect its actualization, using historical, legal, and sociological insights.
➡️ Young generations must remain optimistic and motivated in realizing their aspirations, avoiding despair when facing societal contradictions regarding Pancasila implementation.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Jan 09, 2026, 10:03 UTC