Unlock AI power-ups — upgrade and save 20%!
Use code STUBE20OFF during your first month after signup. Upgrade now →
By Hindi Adhyapak
Published Loading...
N/A views
N/A likes
Get instant insights and key takeaways from this YouTube video by Hindi Adhyapak.
Definition and Structure of Samas (Compounds)
📌 Samas is defined as the formation of a new or smaller word by combining two or more words, simplifying the language.
🔗 The combined form is called the Samas Pad (compound word), and breaking it down into its constituent parts is called Vigrah (analysis/decomposition).
🧐 Example: *Vanvaas* (वनवास) breaks down to *Van mein vaas* (वन में वास - dwelling in the forest).
Main Types of Samas and Their Definitions
🔢 Traditionally, there are four main types of Samas: Avyayībhāva Samas, Tatpuruṣa Samas, Dvandva Samas, and Bahuvrīhi Samas.
👑 The primary differentiator between types is which component holds precedence: first part dominant (Avyayībhāva), second part dominant (Tatpuruṣa), both dominant (Dvandva), or neither dominant (Bahuvrīhi).
🧩 *Dvigū* and *Karma-dhāraya Samas* are considered sub-types of Tatpuruṣa Samas.
Dvandva Samas (Dual Compound)
🤝 In Dvandva Samas, both parts are equally important (both are dominant).
🔗 Its *Vigrah* is identified by the presence of conjunctions like "aur" (and) or "ya" (or).
💡 Actionable Insight: Test importance by using the words in a sentence; if both make sense connected by 'and,' it is likely Dvandva (e.g., *Bhai-bahan* *Bhai aur bahan*).
Bahuvrīhi Samas (Non-Possessive Compound)
👤 In Bahuvrīhi Samas, no part is dominant; instead, the compound refers to an entirely different third entity.
🔗 Identification often involves the *Vigrah* ending with words like "jiska," "jiski," or "wala" (e.g., *Daśānana* 10 heads, but means Raavan).
Tatpuruṣa Samas (Subordinate Compound) and Its Sub-types
🧩 Tatpuruṣa Samas is characterized by the second word being dominant. Its sub-types correspond to the six middle *Kārakas* (case relations) from Hindi grammar, excluding the first (Kartā) and last (Sambodhan).
🔗 Identification relies on the *Vigrah* revealing a case marker (*Vibhakti Chinh*) like 'ko,' 'se,' 'ke liye,' etc. (e.g., *Jana-priya* *Jan ko priya*, indicating Karma Tatpuruṣa).
❗ Special note on 'se': If 'se' implies separation (e.g., *Rin-mukt* free from debt), it signals Apādāna Tatpuruṣa.
Dvigū Samas (Numerical Compound)
🔢 Dvigū Samas is easily recognized as the first part is a number/quantity (e.g., *Tirangā* three colors).
🔗 The *Vigrah* typically ends with "samūh" (group) or "samāhār" (collection).
Karma-dhāraya Samas (Adjective-Noun Compound)
🎨 In Karma-dhāraya Samas, the first part is an adjective (viśeṣaṇ) describing the second part (viśeṣya).
🔗 The *Vigrah* uses connecting phrases such as "hai jo" (is who/which), "ke samān" (like), or "rūpī" (in the form of) (e.g., *Kālī Mirch* *Kālī hai jo mirch*).
Avyayībhāva Samas (Indeclinable Compound)
🔍 Avyayībhāva Samas lacks specific identifying *Vigrah* markers; its identification relies on elimination or by observing that the first part is an indeclinable word (avyay) or a prefix.
🔗 Examples include words starting with prefixes like *yathā* (as per) or repetition (e.g., *ghar-ghar*).
Ambiguity and Vigrah Dependence
🔄 Some words can fall under multiple categories depending on the *Vigrah* chosen (e.g., *Nīlakaṇṭh* can be Bahuvrīhi if *jiska* is used, or Karma-dhāraya if *hai jo* is used).
📚 Mastering *Vigrah* is key; practice with numerous examples is recommended, with resources available in the description box for extended practice.
Key Points & Insights
➡️ The core of identifying Samas types relies on understanding the dominance of the component words or the meaning implied by the Vigrah terms.
➡️ For Bahuvrīhi Samas, be alert for the compound referring to a well-known third entity, signaled by *Vigrah* terms like "jiska" or "jiski."
➡️ Tatpuruṣa Samas classification requires remembering the six case markers used in its *Vigrah* to match the correct sub-type (e.g., 'ko' Karma; 'se' Karana/Apādāna).
➡️ Avyayībhāva Samas is often the "catch-all" type, primarily identified when the compound starts with an Avyay or prefix.
📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Jan 13, 2026, 17:59 UTC
Find relevant products on Amazon related to this video
As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases
Full video URL: youtube.com/watch?v=klVmkUyPcu8
Duration: 13:53
Get instant insights and key takeaways from this YouTube video by Hindi Adhyapak.
Definition and Structure of Samas (Compounds)
📌 Samas is defined as the formation of a new or smaller word by combining two or more words, simplifying the language.
🔗 The combined form is called the Samas Pad (compound word), and breaking it down into its constituent parts is called Vigrah (analysis/decomposition).
🧐 Example: *Vanvaas* (वनवास) breaks down to *Van mein vaas* (वन में वास - dwelling in the forest).
Main Types of Samas and Their Definitions
🔢 Traditionally, there are four main types of Samas: Avyayībhāva Samas, Tatpuruṣa Samas, Dvandva Samas, and Bahuvrīhi Samas.
👑 The primary differentiator between types is which component holds precedence: first part dominant (Avyayībhāva), second part dominant (Tatpuruṣa), both dominant (Dvandva), or neither dominant (Bahuvrīhi).
🧩 *Dvigū* and *Karma-dhāraya Samas* are considered sub-types of Tatpuruṣa Samas.
Dvandva Samas (Dual Compound)
🤝 In Dvandva Samas, both parts are equally important (both are dominant).
🔗 Its *Vigrah* is identified by the presence of conjunctions like "aur" (and) or "ya" (or).
💡 Actionable Insight: Test importance by using the words in a sentence; if both make sense connected by 'and,' it is likely Dvandva (e.g., *Bhai-bahan* *Bhai aur bahan*).
Bahuvrīhi Samas (Non-Possessive Compound)
👤 In Bahuvrīhi Samas, no part is dominant; instead, the compound refers to an entirely different third entity.
🔗 Identification often involves the *Vigrah* ending with words like "jiska," "jiski," or "wala" (e.g., *Daśānana* 10 heads, but means Raavan).
Tatpuruṣa Samas (Subordinate Compound) and Its Sub-types
🧩 Tatpuruṣa Samas is characterized by the second word being dominant. Its sub-types correspond to the six middle *Kārakas* (case relations) from Hindi grammar, excluding the first (Kartā) and last (Sambodhan).
🔗 Identification relies on the *Vigrah* revealing a case marker (*Vibhakti Chinh*) like 'ko,' 'se,' 'ke liye,' etc. (e.g., *Jana-priya* *Jan ko priya*, indicating Karma Tatpuruṣa).
❗ Special note on 'se': If 'se' implies separation (e.g., *Rin-mukt* free from debt), it signals Apādāna Tatpuruṣa.
Dvigū Samas (Numerical Compound)
🔢 Dvigū Samas is easily recognized as the first part is a number/quantity (e.g., *Tirangā* three colors).
🔗 The *Vigrah* typically ends with "samūh" (group) or "samāhār" (collection).
Karma-dhāraya Samas (Adjective-Noun Compound)
🎨 In Karma-dhāraya Samas, the first part is an adjective (viśeṣaṇ) describing the second part (viśeṣya).
🔗 The *Vigrah* uses connecting phrases such as "hai jo" (is who/which), "ke samān" (like), or "rūpī" (in the form of) (e.g., *Kālī Mirch* *Kālī hai jo mirch*).
Avyayībhāva Samas (Indeclinable Compound)
🔍 Avyayībhāva Samas lacks specific identifying *Vigrah* markers; its identification relies on elimination or by observing that the first part is an indeclinable word (avyay) or a prefix.
🔗 Examples include words starting with prefixes like *yathā* (as per) or repetition (e.g., *ghar-ghar*).
Ambiguity and Vigrah Dependence
🔄 Some words can fall under multiple categories depending on the *Vigrah* chosen (e.g., *Nīlakaṇṭh* can be Bahuvrīhi if *jiska* is used, or Karma-dhāraya if *hai jo* is used).
📚 Mastering *Vigrah* is key; practice with numerous examples is recommended, with resources available in the description box for extended practice.
Key Points & Insights
➡️ The core of identifying Samas types relies on understanding the dominance of the component words or the meaning implied by the Vigrah terms.
➡️ For Bahuvrīhi Samas, be alert for the compound referring to a well-known third entity, signaled by *Vigrah* terms like "jiska" or "jiski."
➡️ Tatpuruṣa Samas classification requires remembering the six case markers used in its *Vigrah* to match the correct sub-type (e.g., 'ko' Karma; 'se' Karana/Apādāna).
➡️ Avyayībhāva Samas is often the "catch-all" type, primarily identified when the compound starts with an Avyay or prefix.
📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Jan 13, 2026, 17:59 UTC
Find relevant products on Amazon related to this video
As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases

Summarize youtube video with AI directly from any YouTube video page. Save Time.
Install our free Chrome extension. Get expert level summaries with one click.