Liquid-Liquid Extraction Procedure
📌 The process involves using two or more immiscible solvents with different polarities to separate compounds based on differential solubility.
💧 Extraction began by dissolving 2 grams of the extract in water (the first solvent) and heating it in a water bath for 5 minutes to ensure complete dissolution.
⚗️ The aqueous solution was mixed in a separatory funnel with n-hexane (a nonpolar solvent with lower density than water), causing the n-hexane layer to separate at the top.
🧪 The extraction was repeated by taking the aqueous layer (after separating the n-hexane layer) and extracting it again using ethyl acetate (another nonpolar solvent with lower density than water).

Principles of Extraction
🔬 The core principle is the separation of compounds based on differences in polarity; nonpolar compounds favor the nonpolar solvent, and polar compounds favor the polar solvent (partitioning).
💨 During shaking in the separatory funnel, it is crucial to frequently open the stopcock to release accumulated gas pressure, preventing the apparatus from breaking.
🧪 Three resulting fractions were obtained: the aqueous fraction, the n-hexane fraction, and the ethyl acetate fraction, which will be further analyzed for phytochemical content.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Use solvents with different polarities and densities to achieve effective immiscibility and separation during liquid-liquid extraction.
➡️ Vent the separatory funnel frequently during agitation to manage internal gas pressure built up from the mixture.
➡️ The process successfully separates compounds into three distinct fractions based on their partitioning preference between aqueous and nonpolar solvents (n-hexane and ethyl acetate).

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Dec 28, 2025, 08:27 UTC