Cognitive Activities (Nhận Thức)
📌 Cognitive activity is the reflection of objective reality, involving recognition and evaluation of the world around us, answering questions like "what is it?" and "why?".
🧠 Cognitive activity is the foundation for all other psychological activities, including emotions, will, and action, requiring accurate perception for correct emotional and behavioral responses.
📉 Perception occurs in two levels: sensory perception (cảm tính), involving senses and providing superficial information, and rational perception (lý tính), which delves into essence and laws.
💡 Memory (trí nhớ) acts as the intermediate level, storing sensory input for higher-level thinking.

Sensory Perception (Nhận Thức Cảm Tính)
👁️ Sensory perception is the initial level involving the five senses, reflecting only the external features of objects or phenomena directly impacting them.
📊 The basic processes are sensation (cảm giác)—the simplest reflection of external features—and perception (tri giác)—a complete reflection of external attributes of individual objects.
📉 Sensation provides vague information; managers must be cautious not to rush to conclusions based solely on initial feelings, as sensation is not always accurate.

Laws of Sensation
📏 The Law of Sensory Thresholds states that a stimulus must be within a certain range (absolute threshold: lower and upper limits) to evoke sensation; the optimal reflection zone exists between the upper and lower absolute thresholds.
👂 The Discrimination Threshold is the minimum intensity difference between two stimuli required for distinction (e.g., a $5,000 VND$ price change being noticeable on a $100,000 VND$ item).
🔄 The Law of Sensory Adaptation describes the change in sensitivity based on stimulus intensity; continuous, unchanging stimuli lead to habituation and boredom.

Laws of Perception (Tri Giác)
🎯 The Law of Perceptual Selection highlights the tendency to single out a focal object (figure) from its less distinct background (ground); this selection is influenced by objective factors (intensity, novelty) and subjective factors (experience, emotion).
👤 The Law of Total Perception (Tổng Giác) means the perceived image is shaped by the subject's psychological state (needs, experience, emotions); managers must avoid subjective biases like "love makes one see good, hate makes one see bad".
👻 Perceptual Illusions (Ảo Ảnh) are consistent misrepresentations of objective reality, often exploited in advertising (e.g., using small fingers to make eggs appear larger).

Memory (Trí Nhớ)
📚 Memory reflects past experiences as symbols, contrasting with sensory perception by recalling events without direct sensory impact.
✍️ Memory involves four processes: encoding (ghi nhớ), storage (giữ gìn), retrieval (tái hiện), and forgetting (quên).
🔄 Encoding can be non-intentional (tự nhiên), based on relevance to goals, or intentional (chủ định), requiring effort, utilizing either rote memorization or logical memorization through understanding relationships.
⏳ Storage effectiveness depends on the document’s use; active rehearsal (tái hiện lại) is more effective than passive review for long-term retention.

Rational Perception (Nhận Thức Lý Tính)
🤔 Rational perception is a higher stage providing knowledge of essence, internal qualities, and laws of phenomena, achieved through thinking (tư duy) and imagination (tưởng tượng).
💡 Thinking is abstract, indirect reflection, crucial for managers to discover laws and make decisions by problem-solving.
🌟 Imagination creates new images by combining existing symbols, essential for forecasting outcomes and enabling creative problem-solving, distinguishing human labor from instinct.

Emotions and Feelings (Tình Cảm và Xúc Cảm)
❤️ Emotions/Feelings reflect one's attitude towards reality, tied to need satisfaction; they are more subjective and longer-lasting than cognitive reflections.
📢 Affective Coloration (Màu Sắc Xúc Cảm) notes that simple sensations carry emotional tone (e.g., green inducing comfort); managers should consider workplace aesthetics.
🌊 Affects (Xúc Cảm) are direct, short-lived emotional experiences (joy, anger) often physically manifested (facial expressions, bodily changes).

Types of Affects and Their Management
💥 Emotion (Xúc Động) is a strong, brief affect leading to loss of composure (e.g., rage); managers must maintain emotional balance and avoid provoking such states in employees.
👤 Mood (Tâm Trạng) is a moderate, long-lasting affective state influencing overall behavior and team atmosphere; a manager's mood is highly contagious.
💖 Feelings (Tình Cảm) are stable attitudes formed from repeated similar affects; to foster positive feelings (e.g., loyalty to the company), management must consistently create positive emotional experiences.

Laws of Feeling
🔗 The Law of Contagion (Lây Lan) means feelings spread easily; managers must control negative mood contagion in the collective.
😴 The Law of Adaptation (Thích Ứng) causes feelings to weaken with constant repetition; novelty is required to sustain emotional engagement.
⚖️ The Law of Contrast shows opposing emotions (love/hate, joy/suffering) can intensify each other, sometimes used in ideological education.
🏃 The Law of Displacement (Di Chuyển) allows emotions to shift targets (e.g., "taking anger out on someone else"); managers must monitor this to prevent unfair blame.

Will (Ý Chí)
💪 Will is the active aspect of consciousness, demonstrated by the ability to execute purposeful actions requiring effort and overcoming obstacles.
🛠️ Will is assessed by purpose, planning, effort, and result evaluation; automated actions (skills/habits) show less direct willpower.
⚙️ Skills (Kỹ Xảo) are consciously automated actions (e.g., communication skills) that require practice and upkeep to prevent decay.
🌟 Habits (Thói Quen) are deeply ingrained, automatic behaviors; managers must cultivate good habits (punctuality, honesty) and eliminate bad ones.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Businesses must grasp consumer psychology and behavioral laws to advertise effectively and drive purchasing decisions.
➡️ Managers must assess employees' cognitive capabilities: acuity of senses, observational speed, critical thinking, and predictive ability.
➡️ To enhance cognitive ability, one must actively train sensitivity, objective assessment skills, and analytical/synthetic thinking.
➡️ To build positive employee feelings towards the organization, consistently generate positive affects through care, recognition, and positive reinforcement.
➡️ To maintain lasting feelings, avoid monotony by introducing novelty due to the Law of Adaptation in emotion.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Nov 18, 2025, 05:41 UTC