Theories on the Origin of the State
📌 The emergence of the state is explained by three main theories: the Theocracy Theory, the Social Contract Theory, and the Power Theory.
👑 The Theocracy Theory posits that state authority originates directly or indirectly from God, often through a ruler considered a divine descendant (e.g., Egyptian Pharaohs or Greek figures descending from Zeus).
🤝 The Social Contract Theory suggests the state arises from an agreement or contract among the people, necessary to escape the "law of the jungle" (Hobbes) or to protect inherent natural rights (Locke).
💪 The Power Theory is divided into physical and economic strength, where the state is created by the strongest individuals to impose their will or by the economically powerful to maintain and perpetuate their control.

Theories on the Demise of the State
🛑 According to MacIver, a state can vanish through two primary means: revolution (rapid change via war or rebellion) or evolution (slow, gradual change).
🧬 The Organic Theory views the state like a living organism that is born, grows, matures, weakens, and eventually dies.
💣 The Anarchist Theory aligns with revolution, stating that the state disappears due to internal violence or anarchy within its borders.
☭ The Marxist Theory claims a state will eventually disappear due to inherent class struggle between the proletariat (the poor/workers) and the bourgeoisie (the wealthy/owners).

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Hobbes' pre-state society was characterized by *bellum omnium contra omnes* ("war of all against all"), necessitating a social contract for order.
➡️ Locke identified two types of social contracts: the *pactum unionis* (union among individuals to form a community) and the *pactum subjectionis* (surrender of power to a ruler for governance).
➡️ The Economic Power Theory, similar to Marxism, suggests the state acts as a mechanism used by the economically powerful to sustain their dominance over the poor.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Oct 13, 2025, 13:49 UTC