Ethylic alcohol (part 2) - Natural Science 9

Chemical Properties of Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
📌 Strong metals like Sodium ($\text{Na}$) can replace the Hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl ($\text{OH}$) group of ethanol, producing Hydrogen gas ($\text{H}_2$).
🧪 The reaction is represented as: $2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + 2\text{Na} \rightarrow 2\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{ONa} + \text{H}_2$ (gas released).
💧 Compounds containing the $\text{OH}$ group, such as Methanol ($\text{CH}_3\text{OH}$) and Ethanol, react with Sodium metal.

Preparation (Điều Chế) of Ethanol
🌾 Ethanol can be prepared by fermentation of starch-containing materials (like potatoes, corn) via the following steps: $(\text{C}_6\text{H}_{10}\text{O}_5)_n \xrightarrow{\text{Enzyme hydrolysis}} \text{Glucose} \xrightarrow{\text{Enzyme fermentation}} \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}$.
🏭 Industrially, Ethanol is produced by the hydration of Ethene ($\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$) by adding water ($\text{H}_2\text{O}$) under specific conditions (heating, catalyst $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$): $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{Heat, Catalyst}} \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH}$.
🍇 The characteristic smell of alcohol in overripe fruits is due to the fermentation of Glucose present in the fruit into Ethanol.

Applications of Ethanol
🧴 Ethanol is widely used as a solvent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and paints, as well as a raw material for disinfectants and alcoholic beverages.
⛽ Ethanol is used in the production of E5 biofuel (5% ethanol by volume, 95% traditional gasoline), contributing to reduced fossil fuel consumption and lower greenhouse gas emissions.
🔥 The use of Ethanol in biofuel is based on its flammable property and the large amount of heat it releases upon combustion.

Harms of Alcohol Abuse
🚨 Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of diseases such as gastric ulcers, hepatitis, mental disorders, and high blood pressure.
⚠️ Alcohol abuse is a major cause of traffic accidents, workplace accidents, and violence in family and social relationships.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ The hydroxyl ($\text{OH}$) group dictates the characteristic chemical properties of Ethanol, specifically its reaction with strong metals like Sodium ($\text{Na}$).
➡️ Industrial production of Ethanol primarily relies on the fermentation of starch or the addition of water to Ethene.
➡️ Using E5 biofuel helps mitigate environmental impact by reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and lowering $\text{CO}_2$ emissions.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Feb 04, 2026, 15:43 UTC