Legal Framework and Objectives of OHS in Hospitals
📌 The legal basis for Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) includes Law No. 1 of 1970 concerning Work Safety and Law No. 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals.
🏥 The goal of facility and safety management is to provide a safe, functional, and supportive environment for patients, families, employees, and visitors.
📉 Management aims to reduce and control hazards and risks, prevent accidents or injuries, and maintain safe conditions for everyone entering the hospital.

Specific OHS Challenges in Healthcare Settings
🧗 Hospital OHS involves diverse and widespread risk factors, though the quantity might be smaller than in industrial settings.
🧬 The greatest risks are biological factors and potential exposure hazards affecting all staff, from registration to waste management.
⚠️ Conducting disaster simulations is difficult because patient safety must be maintained; clear prior communication is crucial to prevent panic.

Hazard Identification and Control Hierarchy
Physical hazards include mechanical, electrical, radiation, climate, noise, vibration, and lighting risks; sharp objects pose a significant mechanical risk, especially needlestick injuries.
☣️ Chemical hazards include disinfectants, reagents, and medical gases; management must follow MSDS guidelines and correctly classify hazardous/toxic waste (B3), noting symbols for poison, flammability, and corrosiveness.
🤸 Ergonomic hazards are significant, particularly during patient mobilization, which can lead to conditions like HNP if proper posture (loading weight onto knees, not the lower back) is not maintained.

Waste Management and Biological Risks
🚮 OHS dictates clear protocols for B3 waste, including infectious waste (yellow bags), pathological waste (body tissues/fluids), sharps (safety boxes), chemical waste (e.g., expired drugs), and cytotoxic/heavy metal waste (e.g., batteries).
🦠 Biological hazards like invisible bacteria and viruses are constant threats; staff must manage exposure through proper hygiene and PPE.
🔄 The management chain for B3 materials—procurement, storage, and distribution—must be strictly followed to prevent contamination.

Hierarchy of Hazard Control and PPE
🪜 The hierarchy for hazard control starts with Elimination (removing the source), followed by Engineering Controls (isolating the hazard, like lead plating in radiology rooms), Administrative Controls (work instructions), and lastly, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
🛡️ PPE, essential for protection against chemical, biological, physical, and electrical hazards, includes items like safety glasses, gloves, masks, and surgical gowns.
📋 Health examinations are mandatory: initial pre-employment MCU, specific exams based on job roles (e.g., HBsAg/HIV for those handling bodily fluids), and periodic checks (e.g., THT exams for high-noise areas).

Disaster Preparedness and Fire Safety
🚨 Hospital disaster planning involves internal readiness, including developing Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) protocols and establishing external networks for mass casualty evacuation (e.g., utilizing the nearby terminal area for sorting).
🧯 Fire safety includes ensuring Fire Extinguishers (APAR) are installed at a height of 120 cm (chest level) and teaching the "Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep" (P.A.R.S.) technique for operation.
🔥 Regular drills, including simulations on the rooftop and parking areas, are conducted to ensure all personnel know evacuation routes, fire alarm locations (every 15 meters), and the use of emergency resources like generators and standpipes.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Hospital OHS relies on a robust legal framework to ensure safety across all stakeholders, emphasizing risk management over complete hazard elimination.
➡️ Staff must adhere strictly to the hierarchy of controls, prioritizing engineering and administrative solutions before relying solely on PPE.
➡️ Ergonomic awareness is vital, especially for patient mobilization, to prevent chronic occupational diseases like HNP among nursing staff.
➡️ Proper segregation and disposal of various B3 waste streams (infectious, pathological, chemical) are non-negotiable responsibilities for all clinical and support staff.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Oct 14, 2025, 11:17 UTC