Antenatal Examination Equipment and Procedures
📌 Essential equipment for the antenatal check-up includes a height and weight scale, sphygmomanometer (for blood pressure), stethoscope, fetal stethoscope (doppler), measuring tape (meteran/midline), thermometer, cotton balls, disinfectant (DTT), and sterile gloves.
👩‍⚕️ Healthcare providers must wear a mask, face shield, and gloves, adhering to strict hygiene protocols like handwashing and gowning before the physical examination.
🩺 The physical examination follows WHO standards, starting with vital signs (blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate) and a comprehensive head-to-toe assessment, including checking the eyes (conjunctiva/sclera), neck, chest (lungs/heart sounds), and abdomen.

Abdominal Examination Techniques (Leopold's Maneuvers)
📏 Fundal height measurement is taken from the top of the symphysis pubis to the top of the uterine fundus using a measuring tape, ensuring the tape follows the curve of the abdomen.
🤲 Leopold's maneuvers (I to IV) are performed sequentially:
* Manuever I: Palpating the fundus to determine the fetal part (head/buttocks).
* Manuever II: Determining the location of the fetal back/small parts on the right/left sides of the uterus.
* Manuever III: Palpating the part above the symphysis pubis (usually the head).
* Manuever IV: Assessing engagement by determining if the presenting part has entered the pelvic inlet, observing the angle formed by the examiner's hands (convergent means not engaged; divergent means engaged).
👂 Fetal heart rate (FHR) is monitored for a minimum of 60 seconds using a stethoscope placed on the fetal back.

Patient History and Follow-up
📝 Key history elements collected include the patient's age, occupation (e.g., Gojek driver), obstetric history (gravidity, previous complications like ectopic pregnancy), history of chronic illnesses (e.g., asthma, thyroid issues), and contraceptive use history.
🗓️ The patient's last menstrual period (LMP) is used to calculate gestational age (e.g., 36-37 weeks) and estimated due date (EDD).
🚩 Patients are instructed to monitor for danger signs of pregnancy, including vaginal bleeding, decreased fetal movement, severe headache, and to schedule a follow-up appointment (e.g., in one week), potentially including HB and urine tests.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Proper Leopold's Maneuver IV assessment is crucial for determining fetal engagement based on the convergence or divergence of the examiner's hands at the symphysis pubis.
➡️ The entire process, from history taking to physical assessment, generates necessary documentation (partograph) for communication among subsequent healthcare providers.
➡️ Patients must be educated on warning signs like reduced fetal movement and bleeding, necessitating immediate medical attention.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Dec 03, 2025, 15:42 UTC