Building Orientation and Environmental Factors
☀️ Critical design decisions for building orientation involve considering the climate and geographical location of the structure.
🌡️ The primary goal is to align the design with desired environmental interactions, such as maximizing or minimizing direct sun exposure.
🧭 In mid and North Europe (cold climate, Northern Hemisphere), the southern facade is most important, requiring maximum openings to capture sun rays for heating and reduce energy costs.
🥵 Conversely, in hot climate areas like mid-Africa, facades receiving the most intense sun must be protected and closed off to mitigate heat gain.

Optimal Building Axis and Facade Strategy
↔️ For European examples, the best building axis is East-West, ensuring the long facade faces south to maximize winter solar gain.
🌅 Orienting the long axis East-West also helps reduce the area of East and West facades, minimizing uncomfortable direct glare and heat during sunrise and sunset.
⚖️ The optimum orientation is ultimately a compromise based on the building's function, location, and prevailing environmental factors like heat, light, humidity, and wind.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Determining building orientation requires balancing environmental needs, such as maximizing solar heat gain in cold climates (e.g., South-facing long facade in Europe).
➡️ Minimizing East and West facade exposure helps reduce uncomfortable direct sun glare and heat during morning and evening hours.
➡️ The final building axis direction is a negotiation among function, location, and external factors like heat and wind.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Nov 24, 2025, 06:49 UTC