Analysis of Aggravated Homicide by Relationship (Homicidio Agravado por el Vínculo)
📌 The crime, detailed in Article 80, Inciso Primero of the Penal Code, carries the most severe penalty: life imprisonment (prisión perpetua).
👨‍👩‍👧 The scope of the required relationship, expanded by Law 26.791, includes spouses, ex-spouses, and persons maintaining or having maintained a couple relationship, regardless of cohabitation.
⚖️ Since the Penal Code lacks a definition for "couple relationship," jurisprudence looks to Civil Law, which suggests an unstable, public union with a common life project, excluding casual encounters.

Objective and Subjective Elements of the Crime
🧐 The objective element defines who the victim must be relative to the perpetrator (e.g., son killing a father). For couple relationships, the connection is an objective circumstance of the act, not a personal qualification of the author.
🧠 The subjective element requires the author to have knowledge of the relationship with the victim (e.g., knowing the victim was their father).
🔫 Regarding the act itself, the required intent is eventual intent (dolo eventual): the author foresaw death as a real possibility and proceeded regardless.

Exceptions and Penalties Mitigation
⚠️ The general rule of life imprisonment has a debated exception: extraordinary circumstances of attenuation.
😲 Paradoxically, the minimum sentence for this mitigated homicide (8 years) is lower than the minimum for homicide in a state of violent emotion (10 years).
🚫 This mitigation is blocked if the author has a prior history of violence against the female victim, specifically targeting gender-based violence contexts.

Controversies and Legal Ambiguity
🤔 The primary legal controversy centers on the ambiguous term "previously" (anteriormente) concerning prior acts of violence that block sentence reduction.
❓ Key unanswered questions involve the required standard: Does it need one act, multiple acts, a prior conviction, or just proof of a behavioral pattern?
🗣️ Jurist Buompadre proposes a quantitative interpretation, suggesting "previously" implies a minimum of two prior acts of violence to trigger the prohibition against sentence mitigation.

Proposed Future Reforms
🔄 A proposed reform suggests eliminating rigid life imprisonment in favor of a flexible sentence range of 10 to 30 years.
🧠 Future legislation should reiterate the requirement that the author must act knowing the relationship to strengthen the subjective element of the offense.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ The definition of "couple relationship" is broad, encompassing unions with or without cohabitation, relying on judicial interpretation referencing stable union criteria from civil law.
➡️ For the aggravated circumstance to apply, the author must possess knowledge of the bond with the victim, even if only eventual intent directed toward the death itself is proven.
➡️ The prohibition on sentence attenuation in domestic violence cases is poorly defined due to the ambiguity of the term "previously," creating significant legal insecurity and judicial discretion.
➡️ A potential future path involves moving toward flexible sentencing brackets (10 to 30 years) instead of mandatory life imprisonment to achieve greater predictability and justice.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Dec 03, 2025, 12:55 UTC