Volleyball Definition and Objectives
📌 Volleyball is defined as a team sport involving volleying the ball overhead, typically played with six players per side.
🎯 The main objective is to drop the ball within the opponent's court area as many times as possible to score points.
⚖️ Each successful drop inside the opponent's boundary line earns the team one point.

History and Governing Bodies
📜 Volleyball was created by William B. Morgan in 1895 at the YMCA in Eastern America and was initially named "Mintonette."
🏛️ The name changed to "Volleyball" in 1896 because the core action involves volleying the ball toward the opponent.
🌍 The world governing body for volleyball is the FIVB (International Volleyball Federation).
🇮🇩 In Indonesia, the national organization, PBVSI (Persatuan Bola Voli Seluruh Indonesia), was established on January 22, 1945, with W. Latumenten as the first chairman.

Basic Techniques of Volleyball
🖐️ The four fundamental techniques required are Passing (uppercutting/setting), Service (starting the play), Spike/Smash (hard hit for scoring), and Block (defending the net).
⬆️ Passing is divided into overhead passing (setting) and underhand passing (bumping).
💥 A Smash is an offensive technique involving a hard, jump-hit intended to land in an empty spot in the opponent's court for a point.
🚧 A Block is a defensive technique performed near the net to stop or redirect the opponent's attack back into their court.

Player Roles and Formations
🤵 The Tosser (Setter) is primarily responsible for setting up the ball for teammates to attack, though they may occasionally smash.
🚀 The Spiker is the player tasked with executing the hard hits (Smash) aimed at scoring.
🛡️ The Libero is a defensive specialist who can freely substitute but cannot spike or block the ball over the net.

Equipment and Court Specifications
🏐 The official volleyball has a circumference of 65–67 cm and a weight of 260–270 grams, with an air pressure of 0.30–0.25 atm.
📏 The net height differs: 2.43 meters for men and 2.24 meters for women.
📐 The standard court dimensions are 18 meters in length and 9 meters in width, with the attack line (service area boundary) being 3 meters from the net.

Rules of Play and Scoring
🤝 The game is played by two teams of six players each, and play typically begins with a coin toss to determine the initial server.
🔄 A team is allowed a maximum of three contacts (hits) on their side before the ball must cross the net to the opponent’s side to avoid a violation.
🛑 An opponent scores a point if: 1) their hit lands in your court, or 2) your service fails to cross the net or lands out of bounds.
🏆 Matches are played in a Best-of-Five set format, with each set standardly played to 25 rally points. If tied at $24$-$24$, play continues until one team achieves a two-point lead.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ Master both overhead and underhand passing as they are the foundational skills for receiving and setting up attacks.
➡️ Ensure the ball crosses the net within three contacts on your side to avoid committing a violation foul.
➡️ Winning the initial coin toss grants the right to perform the first serve from behind the back line of the court.
➡️ A match is decided by winning three sets; if the score reaches $3$-$0$ or $3$-$1$, the final sets are unnecessary.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Dec 01, 2025, 12:29 UTC