Pertolongan Pertama PMR Wira PMI Kab. Banyuwangi (Azizah Novia Abidin)

First Aid Definition and Types of Bleeding
📌 First aid is defined as immediate care given to a victim before professional facilities take over.
🩸 The discussion focuses primarily on bleeding (perdaraan), which occurs due to damage to the blood vessel walls, often caused by impact.
✖️ Bleeding is categorized into two main types: external bleeding (open) and internal bleeding (closed).

External Bleeding: Types and Characteristics
🩸 Arterial Bleeding: Characterized by bright red blood that spurts or pulses in rhythm with the heartbeat, indicating high oxygen content.
🌊 Venous Bleeding: Characterized by dark red blood that flows steadily, indicating a higher concentration of carbon dioxide.
💧 Capillary Bleeding: Characterized by blood that seeps or oozes out; the flow is very slight, with almost no discernible pulse, and color varies from bright to dark red.

Management of External Bleeding (Arterial and Venous)
📋 Control and management of external bleeding (Arterial and Venous) utilize the "TETI" method.
🤏 T (Tekan/Pressure): Direct pressure applied to the wound to reduce the volume of blood loss.
⬆️ E (Elevasi/Elevation): Raising the injured limb above the level of the victim's heart.
📍 T (Titik Tekan/Pressure Points): Applying pressure at specific points, such as the brachial artery (upper arm) or the femoral artery (groin fold).
🛑 If bleeding stops during the initial pressure step, elevation and pressure point application become unnecessary, proceeding directly to immobilization.

Personal Protection and Safety for First Responders
🛡️ First responders must adhere to the "Three Safeties" rule: Safety of Self (Aman Diri), Safety of Victim (Aman Korban), and Safety of Environment (Aman Lingkungan).
🧼 Mandatory hygiene practices include not touching the mouth, eyes, or food before decontamination, and thoroughly washing hands after handling the victim.
🗑️ Used Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as masks or gloves, must be disposed of in the correct designated area to prevent the spread of potential viruses or bacteria.

Internal Bleeding Recognition and Management
🤕 Internal bleeding is often indicated by external signs such as bruises (memar), localized pain, and tenderness upon pressing the abdominal wall.
🤢 Serious signs of internal bleeding include vomiting blood (muntah darah), suggesting organ damage.
❄️ Management for internal bleeding involves applying a cold compress (Kompres dengan air dingin).
🚨 Internal bleeding requires priority attention because untreated cases can lead to fatal outcomes.

Key Points & Insights
➡️ First aid skills, like managing bleeding, are crucial for educating peers, family, and the community to potentially reduce the number of severe outcomes.
➡️ The TETI method (Tekan, Elevasi, Titik Tekan) is the primary technique for controlling external bleeding.
➡️ For internal bleeding, the immediate intervention suggested is compressing the area with cold water.
➡️ Success in learning and helping others is achievable through effort and prayer; no task is impossible if one is willing to try.

📸 Video summarized with SummaryTube.com on Jan 28, 2026, 01:17 UTC